Slide 95 of 99
Notes:
The Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) has been a rare island of stability in the often tumultous Space Station program. Conceived in 1985, JEM consists of a pressurized laboratory mainly dedicated to advanced technology experiments, a logistics module, an unpressurized pallet for vacuum experiments in space plus a small robotic arm. The Japanese National Space Development Agency (NASDA) formally submitted the JEM proposal to NASA in March 1986. The Japanese Space Activities Commission recommends formal participation in the Space Station project five months later and the JEM design has changed little since the mid-1980s. In 1986 the Japanese contribution was estimated to be worth $1.9-3.2 billion for a JEM launch in 1995. By 1990, the schedule had slipped by three years due to NASA budget cuts and Space Station cost overruns. The delays increased the JEM's total cost slightly, from $2.3 billion in 1986 to $2.63 billion in 1993, when the launch was postponed to 1999. Final hardware production began in the mid-1990s and the Japanese robotic arm was tested on a NASA Space Shuttle flight in August 1997. According to current plans, the JEM will be launched in 2002-03.
Cutaway drawing of the new Japanese-built centrifuge module. NASA will receive
the centrifuge "for free" in return for delivering the other Japanese modules
to ISS.
